_p²nbpsSbpw a\knsâbpw hmXmb\§Ä Xpd¡Ww

hnZym`ymk¯nsâ kzB{ib]mT§Äþ2

_nj]v amÀ tPmk^v IÃd§m«v

hnZym`ymkNn´Ifn Bg¯n kzm[o\w sNept¯WvS \nch[n LSI§fpWvSv. Ahsb At¼ hnkvacn¨psImWvSv ^okv hÀ[\, ^okv Cfhv F¶o cWvSp {[ph§fn \nÀ¯n hnZym`ymks¯ \mw \nÀhocyam¡n¡qSm. hnZym`ymks¯ kzm[o\n¡p¶ kmwkvImcnI]Ým¯ew, aXmßI Nn´IÄ, cmjv{Sobkn²m´§fpsS ]cntXmhØIfpw LS\m{Ia§fpw, km¼¯nI]Ým¯ew, `qanimkv{X]camb khntijXIÄ, hnZym`ymkNn´IÄ, kmaqlyZÀi\§Ä XpS§nbhsb¸änsbÃmw hnZym`ymk{]hÀ¯\§fn FÀs¸«ncn¡p¶hÀ \à Aht_m[w t\SWw. CsXmcp henb kzB{ib]mTamWv.

`mcXw aX§fpsS \mSmWv, tIcfw aXhnizmknIfpsS \mSmWv. aXmßIkzm[o\s¯ hnkvacn¨pw aX§sf Ahtlfn¨pw Hcp hnZym`ymk]²Xnbpw ChnsS hnPbn¡nÃ. ]mT]pkvXI§fneqsS Ip¯n\ndbv¡p¶ aXhntZzjhpw Cuizc\ntj[hpw kmaqlyPohnX¯n AkzØXIÄ krjvSn¡m³am{Xta D]Icn¡q. aX§fpsS XWenepw Npäph«§fnepamWv C´ybn hnZym`ymk]²XnIÄ F¡me¯pw Bcw`n¨Xpw ]ptcmKan¨Xpw. CsXmcp Ncn{XkXyamWv. Bßobkm^eyambncp¶p BZyImehnZym`ymk]²XnIfpsSsbÃmw e£yw. aebmf¯n BZyambn A¨Sn¨ ]pkvXIw Hcp aXt_m[\{KÙambncp¶phtÃm. Cu Ncn{XbmYmÀYy§sf AhKWn¨p\S¯p¶ ]T\]cnjvImc§Ä aX PmXnkv]À[IÄ krjvSn¡p¶Xn\pam{Xta klmbn¡q.

AXpt]mse \mSnsâ kmwkvImcnI]Ým¯ew hnZym`ymks¯ kzm[o\n¡p¶ {][m\ LSIamWv. tIcf¯nsâ kwkvImcw alm_enbpsSbpw XncpthmW¯nsâbpw XncphmXncbptSXpsams¡bmWv. aebmfncà¯n "Xncp' F¶ ebw þ hnip²w þ AenªptNÀ¶ncn¡p¶p. aebmfnbpsS Iebnepw Ifnbnepw Imcy¯nepw BtLmj¯nepw a®nepw a\knepw Cu "Xncp'ebapWvSv. Cu "Xncp'ebamWv XncphnXmwIqÀ, XncqÀ, Xncphà XpS§nb Øe\ma§fneqsSbpw {]ISamIp¶Xv. ]ÅnbpsS ebatà ]Ån¡qS¯n\pÅXv. Cu ebw ad¶pÅ hnZym`ymk]cnjvImc§Ä ]mtS ]cmPbs¸Spw. hfsc kulrZ¯nepw ]ckv]c BZchnepw Ignbp¶ aX§sftbm kapZmb§sftbm ]ckv]ckwib§fpsS ]pIadbnem¡mt\ A¯cw ]cnjvImc§Ä klmbn¡q.

`qanimkv{X]camb khntijXIfpw hnZym`ymks¯ kzm[o\n¡Ww. alm`qcn]£w Irjn¡mcpÅ tIcf¯nÂ, s\Ãnsâbpw tIc§fpsSbpw a®nÂ, hr£kvt\lhpw {]IrXnkvt\lhpw C¶p hnZymÀYnIfn \«p]nSn¸nt¡WvS ZpchØbpWvSv. {]IrXncaWobamb tIcf¯nsâ kuµcykv]Ài§Ä hnZym`ymk¯neqsS bpha\kpIfn F¯n¡p¶Xn\p km[n¡msX t]mbXn\metÃ, tIcfw ipNnXzt_m[¯n ]n¶n \nev¡p¶Xv. \mev]¯n\mev ]pgIfpw F®aä tXmSpIfpw Pemib§fpapÅ \m«n s]mXpØe§Ä FÃmw aeoakatÃ? agbpsS kar²nbpÅ \m«n Gähpw £maw ip²Pe¯n\mWtÃm. Cu cwK§fnseÃmw \mw ]cm{ibcmhp¶p.

hnZym`ymkZÀi\§fpsS Imcy¯n `mcXw [\ybmWv. Nnc]pcmX\Imew XpS§n Adnhnsâ kaql§Ä¡v (knowledge community) cq]w \evIm³ \½psS BNmcy·mÀ {ian¨ncp¶p. B[p\nIIme¯v almßmKmÔnbpw cho{µ\mY SmtKmdpw Pn±p IrjvWaqÀ¯nbpw tUm. cm[mIrjvW\psams¡ hnZym`ymk¯nsâ `mcXobZÀi\§Ä¡v ]p¯³ DWÀhp \evInbhcmWv. hyànIfpsS ka{KhnImkamWv AhÀ e£ywh¨Xv. _p²n¡pam{Xw {]m[m\yw \evIp¶ hnZym`ymks¯ Cu al¯p¡Ä ImcyImcWklnXw FXnÀ¯p. Bäs¯ hn`Pn¡p¶ a\pjysâ lrZb¯n kvt\lansæn AbmÄ Hcp `oIckXzambncn¡pw F¶v AhÀ hnizkn¨p. a\kpw lrZbhpw Bßmhpw AhKWn¡s¸tSWvS anYyIfà F¶v AhÀ \¶mbn a\knem¡nbncp¶p. GIPmeIw am{XapÅ {]Xybimkv{X§Ä¡v Adnhnsâ \nch[n hmXnepIÄ Xpd¡phm³ IgnbnÃ.

`mcXw temI¯nse Gähpw henb P\m[n]Xycmjv{SamWv. kp{][m\ P\m[n]Xyaqey§fmb tkmjyenkhpw kpc£nXXzhpw P\m[n]Xyhpw AhtbmSv tNÀ¶p\nev¡p¶ aqey§fmb kmtlmZcyhpw kaXzhpw kzmX{´yhpw P\§fpsS ]cam[nImchpw kw_Ôn¨ Dd¨ t_m[y§Ä hnZymÀYnIÄ¡p e`n¡p¶nà F¦n \½psS hnZymZm\w h³]cmPbambncn¡pw. Hcp P\m[n]Xycmjv{S¯nsâ apJy hnZym`ymk[Àaw D¯acmb ]uc·msc cq]s¸Sp¯pIbmWv. ]co£bpw amÀ¡pw tPmenbpw i¼fhpw kz´w kpJhpw hfÀ¨bpw ]T\¯nsâ {]Yae£yamIpt¼mÄ, P\m[n]Xykwhn[m\w hn`mh\wsN¿p¶ hnZym`ymke£y§Ä k^eamImsXhcpw.

hyànIfpsS NpaXeIÄ, AhImi§Ä, [Àa§Ä Chsb¸än ]TnXmhn\p \à t_m[yw DWvSmhWw. cmjv{Sw Hmtcm hnZymÀYn¡pwthWvSn henb km¼¯nI_m[yX GsäSp¡p¶p. tcmKoip{iqjmcwK¯pw CXctkh\taJeIfnepw cq£amb {]XnkÔnIÄ tIcfkaqlw A\p`hn¡p¶pWvSv.

BtcmKycwKw F´psImWvSv C{Xam{Xw tcmK{KkvXambncn¡p¶p F¶Xv ]uct_m[apÅ FÃmhcpsSbpw kXzc{i² AÀln¡p¶ kwKXnbmWv. P\tkh\¯nsâ kp{][m\taJebmWv sshZyimkv{XcwKw. a\pjyPohsâ hnebpw alXzhpw t_m[yapÅ Hcp hyànbpw AhnsS kac¯n\pw {]Xn{]hÀ¯\§Ä¡pw apXncpIbnÃ. FÃmhcpw ]ckv]cw B{inXcmWv. ]ckv]cB{ibXz¯nsâ alXzw hnZymÀYnkaqlw Xncn¨dnbWw.

kmtlmZcy¯nsâ KpWta·IÄ a\knem¡pI, sXmgnensâ alXzw AwKoIcn¡pI, a\knsâ N{Ihmf§Ä A\pZn\w hnIkzcam¡pI, kaXz¯nsâ ZÀi\§Ä kzmb¯am¡pI, cmjv{Sob]mÀ«nIÄ, AhcpsS kn²m´§Ä, P\t\Xm¡fpsS KpWta·IÄ, kn²nIÄ, {]Xybimkv{X§Ä F¶nh a\knem¡n [Àat_m[hpw kmaqly{]Xn_²Xbpw s]mXpPohnX¯nepw hyànPohnX¯nepw kwip²n ]men¡p¶hcmtWm F¶v \nco£n¨p a\Ênem¡pI, P\m[n]Xyaqey§Ä kz´am¡pI, A\pZn\ hyànþkmaqlyPohnX§fn A`napJoIcn¡p¶ {]iv\§Ä ]cnlcn¡p¶Xn\p {]m]vXn t\SpI, Iq«mb {]hÀ¯\¯n\pw hyànPohnXkm^ey¯n\pw hgnIÄ tXSpI C§s\ \nch[nbmb taJeIfnepw Xe§fnepw FÃm hnZym`ymk{]hÀ¯Icpw ]TnXm¡fpw {]mhoWyw t\Spt¼mgmWv \½psS hnZym`ymkw kzB{ib¯n F¯p¶Xv. Iemeb§fn Chsbm¶pw Kuch]T\hnjbamIp¶nà C¶v. kzB{ibw [\k¼mZ\aà F¶p Xncn¨dnbpt¼mgmWv \mw bYmÀY¯n kzX{´cmhp¶Xv. CubÀY¯n hnZymk¼¶À am{XamWv bYmÀYkzmX{´yw t\SnbhÀ.

(Ahkm\n¨p)

hmÀ¯mho£Ww: kPn kndnbIv

d_À IÀjIÀ _³kv Imdn k©cn¡p¶ apXemfnamcmsW¶p hÀj§Ä¡pap¼p ]dªXv kn]nFw t\Xmhmb ap³ [\a{´n Sn. inhZmktat\m\mbncp¶p. tIcf¯nse kn]nFw t\Xm¡Ä¡v d_À IÀjIsc¸än C¶pw AtX A`n{]mbw Xs¶bmtWm F¶dnbnÃ. GXmbmepw d_À IÀjIsc hntZzjt¯msS ImWp¶hÀ C¶pw ]ecpapsWvS¶Xp hkvXpXbmWv. Xocph Ipd¨v d_À Cd¡paXn sN¿m\pÅ Xocpam\w h¶Xv A§s\bmWtÃm.

kz´ambn ImdpÅhcpsS F®w tIcf¯n Hmtcm hÀjhpw IqSnhcp¶Xn\m ImdpÅ d_À IÀjIcpw kzm`mhnIambpw C¶p \nch[nbpWvSmIpw. AXne¸pdw d_À IÀjIÀ¡v ImdpambpÅ _Ôw, AhÀ DXv]mZn¸n¡p¶ d_dpsImWvSmWv Imdnsâbpw aäp hml\§fpsSbpw SbdpWvSm¡p¶Xv F¶XmWv. Sbdnsâ hne Hmtcm hÀjhpw IqSnhcp¶p. Ipdbv¡Wsa¶v B{KlapÅhÀ DWvSmIpsa¦nepw Hcp cmjv{Sob]mÀ«nbpw AXmhiys¸«v kacw \S¯p¶nÃ. SbÀ I¼\nIfpsS em`w IpXn¡pIbmWv. BÀ¡panà ]cmXn.

SbÀ hyhkmbw XfcmXncn¡p¶Xn\pthWvSnbmWv Xocph Ipd¨v d_À Cd¡paXn A\phZn¨sX¶mWv hmWnPya{´n B\µv iÀa ]dRXv. d_Àhne DbÀ¶p\n¡p¶Xv hyhkmbs¯ XfÀ¯pat{X. F¶m \nPØnXn F´mWv?

1926 _wKmfn U¬e]v SbÀ I¼\n Øm]n¨tXmsSbmWv C´ybnse SbÀ hyhkmb¯nsâ IY XpS§p¶Xv. Ct¸mÄ {]XnhÀjw GItZiw 25,000 tImSn cq]bmWv SbÀ hyhkmb¯nse sam¯w hnäphchv. cmPy¯v 36 SbÀ I¼\nIfpsWvS¦nepw Bdp h³InS I¼\nIfmWv cwKw \nb{´n¡p¶Xv. At¸mtfm Stbgvkv, FwBÀF^v, sP.sI. SbÀ, {_nUvPvtÌm¬, KpUvCbÀ, knbäv C¶nhbmWv {][m\ SbÀ I¼\nIÄ. cmPys¯ sam¯w SbÀ DXv]mZ\¯nsâ 80 iXam\¯ne[nIhpw Cu I¼\nIfnÂ\n¶mWv.

hcpam\¯nsâ ASnØm\¯n At¸mtfm StbgvkmWv C¶v C´ybnse Gähpw henb SbÀ I¼\n. AXnsâ amt\PnwKv UbdIvSÀ HmwImÀ I¬hmdn\v i¼fhpw em`¯nÂ\n¶pÅ I½oj\pw aäv B\pIqey§fpw DÄs¸sS 29.69 tImSn cq]bmWv 2009þ10 hÀj¯n {]Xn^eambn e`n¨Xv. sXm«p ap¼pÅ hÀjw CXv 9.2 tImSn cq]bmbncp¶p. I¼\nbpsS em`w h³tXmXn hÀ[n¨XpsImWvSmbncn¡patÃm Ip¯s\bpÅ Cu i¼f hÀ[\.

BtKmf Xe¯nepWvSmb km¼¯nIamµyw C´y³ hml\hn]Wnsb sNdnb tXmXnte _m[n¨pÅp. 2009þ10  hml\hn]Wn IpXn¸p hosWvSSp¯p. SbÀ DXv]mZ\w ap³hÀjs¯ At]£n¨v 18.3 iXam\w IWvSp IqSn.

Gähpw {]apJ SbÀ I¼\nbmb At¸mtfm Stbgvknsâ hnäphchnsâbpw {]hÀ¯\em`¯nsâbpw IWs¡Sp¯m h³InS SbÀ I¼\nIfpWvSm¡p¶ em`¯nsâ GItZi Nn{Xw e`n¡pw. At¸mtfm Stbgvkv 2009þ10 km¼¯nIhÀjw hnev]\bn ap³hÀjs¯ At]£n¨v 63 iXam\w hfÀ¨bpWvSm¡nsb¶v 2010 tabv 28\p I¼\n ]pd¯nd¡nb {]hÀ¯\ dnt¸mÀ«n ]dbp¶p. hnäphchv 4980 tImSn cq]bnÂ\n¶v 8120 tImSn cq]bmbn DbÀ¶p. {]hÀ¯\em`w 440 tImSn cq]bn \n¶v 1190 tImSn cq]bmbn hÀ[n¨p. AämZmbw 140 tImSn cq]bn \n¶v 650 tImSnbmbn. I¼\n 75 iXam\w em`hnlnXw {]Jym]n¨p.

CXp I¼\nbpsS BtKmf Xe¯nepÅ {]hÀ¯\dnt¸mÀ«mWv. C´ybnse {]hÀ¯\¯nsâ am{Xw IWs¡Sp¯mepw em`w sNdpXÃ. C´ybnse sam¯w hnäphchv 2009þ10 km¼¯nIhÀjw 4070 tImSn cq]bnÂ\n¶v 5030 tImSn cq]bmbpw {]hÀ¯\em`w 340 tImSn bnÂ\n¶v 790 tImSn cq]bmbpw DbÀ¶p. AämZmbw 100 tImSn cq]bnÂ\n¶v 410 tImSnbmbmWv hÀ[n¨Xv.aäp SbÀ I¼\nIfpsSbpw em`¡W¡v Gsd¡psd kam\amWv. Chsc klmbn¡m\mWv Xocph Ipd¨v Cd¡paXn {]Jym]\w \S¯n d_Àhne CSn¨v IÀjIsc t{Zmln¡p¶Xv.

Hcp e£w S¬ d_À Cd¡paXn sN¿m³ A\paXn \ÂInsb¶mWv a{´n ]dªXv. Cd¡paXn Xocph Intembv¡p 31 cq] DWvSmbncp¶Xv 20.46 cq]bmbn Ipd¨p. hnebnSn¡m\pÅ Cu \o¡w hnPbw ImWpIXs¶ sNbvXp. d_Àhnebn Intembv¡vv 25 cq] hsc IpdhpWvSmbn. Ipdª Cd¡paXn¯ocphbn Hcp e£w S¬ d_À Cd¡paXn sN¿pt¼mÄ am{Xw SbÀ hyhkmbnIÄ¡p e`n¡p¶ em`w 110 tImSn cq]bmWv. d_dnsâ hnebnSnbpt¼mÄ e`n¡p¶ AanXem`w thsd. d_À hne Ipdbpt¼mÄ SbÀ hnebpw Ipdbv¡ptam? Bcpw {]Xo£nt¡WvSXnÃ.

2009 þ10 C´ybnse sam¯w d_À DXvv]mZ\w 8,31,000 S®mWv. tIcf¯nsâ kw`mh\bmWv CXnsâ 91 iXam\hpw. Cu km¼¯nIhÀjw H¼Xpe£w S¬ d_À DXvv]mZ\amWv {]Xo£n¡p¶Xv. 11 e£w IÀjIÀ ChnsS d_À Irjnsb B{ibn¨p Ignbp¶pWvSv. ChscÃmw apXemfnamcÃ. C´ybn 6,55,000 slIvSÀ `qanbn d_ÀIrjn sN¿pt¼mÄ kz´ambn 50 slIvSdne[nIw d_À IrjnbpÅhcpsS F®w 269 am{XamWv. _m¡nbpÅ `qcn`mKhpw sNdpInS, ]cnanX IÀjIcmWv. AhcpsS hcpam\amWv SbÀ tem_n sImÅbSn¡p¶Xv.

sX§v, s\Ãv XpS§nb aäp ImÀjntImXv]¶§sf At]£n¨v d_dn\v Hcp hÀjambn sa¨s¸« hne e`n¨ncp¶p F¶Xp bmYmÀYyamWv. F¶m `£yhkvXp¡fpsSbpw aäp \ntXym]tbmK hkvXp¡fpsSbpw hnebpw AXn\\pkcn¨v IqSnbn«pWvSv F¶Xp hnkvacn¡mtam?

1995 PqWn \memw t{KUv d_dnsâ hne Intembv¡v 62 cq]bmbncp¶p. 2002 AXv ap¸Xp cq]bnte¡p XmWp. 2010 Pq¬ Bbt¸mtg¡pw d_Àhne 160 Bbn DbÀs¶¦nepw 2009þ10  e`n¨ icmicnhne Intembv¡v 100þ 110 cq]bmWv. 1995 Hcp Intem AcnbpsS hne icmicn H¼Xp cq]bmbncp¶Xv Ct¸mÄ icmicn 24 cq]bmbn«pWvSv. B \nc¡nepÅ hÀ[\ d_ÀhnebnepWvSmbn«nÃ.

tIcf¯nsâ k¼ZvhyhØsb Xm§n\nÀ¯p¶Xn C¶p d_À Hcp {][m\ ]¦p hln¡p¶pWvSv. SbÀ tem_n¡pthWvSn d_Àhne CSn¡pt¼mÄ \jvSw kwØm\¯n\p apgph\pamWv. tI{µ hmWnPya{´n¡v AXp t\mt¡WvSXnÃmbncn¡mw. IÀjIsc _p²nap«n¡Wsa¶ t{ZmlNn´bpw Hcp]t£ CÃmbncn¡mw. CeIvj³ Ime¯p ^WvSp \ÂIp¶ h³hyhkmbnIsf ]nW¡cpsX¶ {]mYanI ]mTw FÃm cmjv{Sob¡mÀ¡padnbmw.