_n.-BÀ. kcq]v tdmbv
(Akn-Ìâv {]^-kÀ, tI-c-f C³-Ìn-«yq-«v Hm-^v
Sq-dn-kw & {Sm-h Ì-Uo-kv, Xncph\´]pcw)
D-Ãm-k \u-I-bn tem-Iw Np-äÂ, Im-b-en-se B-Uw-_-c t_m-«p-I-fn-se D-Ãm-k-bm-{X NmÀ-«À sN-bv-X hn-am-\-§-fn tem-I-k-©m-cw C-§-s\ {Sm-h B³-Uv Sq-dn-kw ta-J-e A-\p-Zn-\w h-f-cp-I-bm-Wv. tI-c-f-¯n-sâ DÄ-\m-S³ {Km-a-§-fn \n-¶p-t]m-epw C-t¸mÄ knw-K-¸q-cpw a-te-jy-bpw Cu-Pn-]v-Xpw hn-ip-² \m-Sp-I-fpw Im-Wm³ B-bn-c-¡-W-¡n-\m-fp-I-fm-Wv ]-d-¡p-¶-Xv.-
ssh-hn-[y-amÀ-¶ Sq-dn-kw- sIm-WvSv k-¼-¶-am-Wp \-½p-sS \m-Sv, Im-b Sq-dn-kw, a¬-kq¬ Sq-dn-kw, C-t¡m Sq-dn-kw, dq-d Sq-dn-kw, sl-dn-tä-Pv Sq-dn-kw, A-Uz-©À Sq-dn-kw, kn-hn G-hn-tb-j³ B³-Uv F-bÀ-sse³-kv, {Iq-kn-bÀ {Sm-hÂ, tlm-«Â Hm-¸-td-j³-kv B³-Uv am-t\-Pv-saâv F³-{S-{]-WÀ-jn-¸v F-¶n-h-sb-Ãmw Cu ta-J-e-bp-sS ]-cn-[n-bn-em-Wv. D-]-t`m-àm-¡Ä-¡v an-I-¨ tk-h-\w sN-bv-Xp-sIm-Sp-¡-em-Wv Cu cw-K-s¯ {]-[m-\ tPm-en. kÀ-ho-kv hy-h-km-b-¯n-se tIm-Sn-IÄ a-dn-bp-¶ Cu cw-K-¯v ]-cn-io-e-\w t\-Sn-b BÀ-¡pw an-I-¨ tPm-en-IÄ hm-Kv-Zm-\w sN-¿p-¶ I-¼-\n-IÄ A-\-h-[n-bm-Wv. ta-¡v ssa {Sn-¸v, bm-{X Xp-S-§n-b Hm¬ sse³ {Sm-h I-¼-\n-IÄ t]m-epw [m-cm-fw t]À-¡v tPm-en sIm-Sp-¡p-¶p-WvSv. tIm-Iv-kv B³Uv Inw-Kv-kv, tXm-a-kv Ip-¡v, kv-säÀ-enw-Kv tlm-fn-tU-bv-kv Xp-S-§n-b I-¼-\n-I-fpw C-´y-bn-se {]-[m-\ dn-{Iq-t«-gv-kv B-Wv.-
sh-Ãp-hn-fn-IÄ
tPm-en-bpw i-¼-f-hp-sam-s¡ tPm-en sN-¿p-¶ I-¼-\n-sb B-{i-bn-¨n-cn-¡pw. tIÄ-¡p-¶-Xp-t]m-se A-{X kp-J-ap-Å A-´-co-£w In-«p-sa-¦n Iq-Sn, I-¼-\n-I-fp-sS SmÀ-P-äv _n-kn-\-kv t\-Sp-I-sb-¶-Xv ]p-Xn-b Po-h-\-¡mÀ-¡v sh-Ãp-hn-fn-bm-Wv. tPm-en Øn-c-X t\-Sm³ am-\-kn-I k-½À-±-§-sf A-Xn-Po-hn-¨v tPm-en sN-t¿-WvSn-h-t¶-¡mw. F-¶m C-sXm-s¡ Cu cw-K-¯v B-Zy-L-«-§-fn am-{X-ta Im-Wq. an-I-¨ {Sm-h Hm-¸-td-äÀ-¡v, SqÀ {Sn-¸v amÀ-¡-änw-Kv am-t\-PÀ-amÀ-¡v an-I-¨ i-¼-f-hpw C³-kâo-hpw hn-tZ-i bm-{X-bpw X-c-am-Ipw.-
tIm-gv-kp-IÄ
Sq-dn-k-¯n {]-^-j-W-em-hm³ Fw-Sn-F F-¶ am-ÌÀ C³ {Sm-h A-Uv-an-\n-kv-t{S-j³ tIm-gv-kv, Fw-_n-F C-³ Sq-dn-kw F-¶o tIm-gv-kp-I-fm-Wp-Å-Xv. h-f-sc Ip-d-¨v Øm-]-\-§-fn-em-Wv C-¯-cw tIm-gv-kp-I-fp-Å-Xv. C-Xp Iq-Sm-sX A-t\-Iw t]m-kv-äv {Km-tPz-th-äv Un-t¹m-a-I-fpw Un-t¹m-a tIm-gv-kp-I-fp-ap-WvSvv. Sq-dn-k-¯n Xm-ev-]-cy-ap-Å-hÀ-¡v _n-cp-Zw I-gn-ªv F-Sp-¡p-¶ kÀ-«n-^n-¡-äv tIm-gv-kn-\v t]m-epw tPm-en D-d-¸m-Wv. H-cp hn-tZ-i `m-j-Iq-Sn A-dn-bm-sa-¦n C-´y-bn X-s¶ i-¼-f-¯n B-\p-]m-Xn-I-am-b hÀ-[-\-bp-WvSm-Ipw. C-¯-c-¯n Sq-dn-kw {]-^-j-W-ep-I-sf hmÀ-s¯-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn kv-Xp-XyÀ-l-am-b {]-hÀ-¯-\w \-S-¯p-¶ Øm-]-\-am-Wp In-äv-kv F-¶ Np-cp-¡-t¸-cn-e-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶ \-½p-sS kz-´w tI-c-f C³-Ìn-«yq-«v Hm-^v Sq-dn-kw B³-Uv {Sm-h Ì-Uo-kv.-
In-äv-kv
tI-c-f-¯n Sq-dn-kw ta-J-e-bn sXm-gn-e-[n-jvTn-X tIm-gv-kp-I-fpw-s{S-bn-\nw-Kp-I-fpw \Â-Ip-¶ {]-ap-J Øm-]-\-am-Wv tI-c-f C³-Ìn-«yq-«v Hm-^v Sq-dn-kw B³Uv {Sm-h Ì-Uo-kv (In-äv-kv). 1988-þ Øm-]n-X-am-b Øm-]-\w Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸n-\v Io-gn-em-Wv {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶-Xv. hn-hn-[ tZ-io-b A-´À-tZ-io-b Øm-]-\-§-fn Aw-K-am-b In-äv-kv A-´m-cm-jv-{S Sq-dn-kw kw-L-S-\ bp-F³-U-»n-bp-Sn-H (UNWTO) bp-sS A-^n-en-tb-äv Aw-K-hpw G-jym ]-k-^n-Iv ta-J-e-bn-se A-^n-en-tb-äv Aw-K-§-fp-sS sX-c-sª-Sp-¡-s¸-« ssh-kv {]-kn-Uâp-am-Wv.
Xn-cp-h-\-´-]p-cw B-Øm-\-am-bn {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ In-äv-kn-\v F-d-Wm-Ip-fw, a-e-bm-äqÀ, X-e-ti-cn F-¶n-hn-S-§-fn Ì-Un- skâ-dp-I-fp-WvSv. tI-c-f kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-bp-am-bn A-^n-en-tb-äv sN-bv-X-Xpw AICTE Aw-Ko-Im-c-hp-ap-Å Fw-_n-F ({Sm-h & Sq-dn-kw), _n-_n-F (Sq-dn-kw am-t\-Pv-saâv) F-¶n-h-bm-Wv C³-Ìn-«yq-«n-se {]-[m-\ tIm-gv-kp-IÄ. Aw-Ko-Ir-X kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-bn \n-¶pw 50 i-X-am-\-t¯m-sS _n-cp-Z-hpw A-Jn-te-´ym-X-e-¯n \-S-¯p-¶ am-t\-Pv-saâv A-`n-cp-Nn-]-co-£-bn-se kv-tIm-dp-am-Wv tbm-Ky-X.- ¹-kv-Sp-hn-\v 45 i-X-am-\-am-Wv _n-_n-F {]-th-i-\-¯n-\p-Å A-Sn-Øm-\ tbm-Ky-X. Sq-dn-kw kv-s]-j-sse-kv sN-bv-X-Xv Fw-_n-F hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡p-¶ hn-ZymÀ-Yn-IÄ-¡v km-[m-c-W Fw-_n-F-¡mÀ-¡v A-t]-£n-¡m-hp-¶ F-Ãm sXm-gn-ep-I-tfm-sSm-¸w {Sm-hÂ, Sq-dn-kw, tlm-kv-]n-äm-en-än ta-J-e-I-fn-epw sXm-gn km-[y-X e-`n-¡p-w. hn-tZ-i cm-Py-§-fn sXm-gn e-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p th-WvSn Cw-¥o-jn-t\m-sSm-¸w PÀ-a-³, {^-©v `m-j-I-fn-epw kÀ-«n-^n-¡-äv tIm-gv-kp-I-fpw s{S-bn-\nw-Kpw In-äv-kn \Â-Ip-¶p.-
In-äv-kn-se 100 i-X-am-\w hn-ZymÀ-Yn-IÄ-¡pw tIm-gv-kv ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡p-¶-Xn-\v ap-¼v X-s¶ sXm-gn D-d-¸m-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å k-lm-b-I L-S-Iw C-Xm-Wv. ]T-\-t¯m-sSm-¸w kÀ-¡m-cn-tâ-bpw {]-ap-J I-¼-\n-I-fp-tS-bpw a-äv G-P³-kn-I-fp-tS-bpw t{]m-P-Iv-Sp-IÄ, Cu-hâp-IÄ F-¶n-h-bn tNÀ-¶v {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v A-h-k-cw e-`n-¡p-¶-Xpw {]-tbm-P-\-{]-Z-am-Wv.
C-Xn-\p ]p-d-sa Sq-dn-kw hy-h-km-b-¯n-\v B-h-iy-am-b hn-hn-[ sXm-gn-e-[n-jvTn-X tIm-gv-kp-IÄ In-äv-kv \-S-¯n h-cp-¶p. t]m-Ìv {Km-tUz-äv Un-¹-tam tIm-gv-kv (H-cp hÀ-jw), Sq-dn-kw ]-»n-Iv dn-te-j³-kv am-t\-Pv-saâv, Un-¹-tam tIm-gv-kv (B-dp am-kw), F-bÀ-t¸mÀ-«v Hm-¸-td-j³, F-bÀ-t¸mÀ-«v Hm-¸-td-j-\pw Sq-dn-kw am-t\-Pv-saâpw (X-e-ti-cn), tem-Pn-Ìn-Iv-kv am-t\-Pv-saâv, kÀ-«n-^n-¡-äv tIm-gv-kv, IATA ^u-t-WvS-j³ tIm-gv-kv (\m-ep am-kw), IATA {Sm-h & Sq-dn-kw I¬-kÄ-«âv (\m-ep am-kw) F-¶n-h-bm-Wv C-Xn {]-[m-\w.
tI-{µ kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ Sq-dn-kw a-{´m-e-b-hp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«v kv-Io-an-eq-sS 48 Zn-h-kw \o-WvSp \nÂ-¡p-¶ ^p-Uv s{]m-U-£³, 36 Zn-h-kw ssZÀ-Ly-ap-Å ^p-Uv & _n-h-td-Pv kÀ-ho-kv, 30 Zn-h-kw ssZÀ-Ly-ap-Å lu-kv Io-¸nw-Kv F-¶n-h-bn-epw ]-cn-io-e-\w \-ev-In h-cp-¶p. 18 \pw 28 \pw a-t[y {]m-b-ap-Å F-«mw ¢m-kv ]m-km-b-hÀ-¡v Cu ]-cn-io-e-\ ]-cn-]m-Sn-¡v A-t]-£n-¡mw. Xn-I-¨pw ku-P-\y-am-b Cu ]-cn-io-e-\ ]-cn-]m-Sn hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡p-¶-hÀ-¡v ssÌ-¸³Uv -e-`n-¡p-w.
sF-sF-Sn-Sn-F-w
tI-{µ Sq-dn-kw a-{´m-e-b-¯n-\p Io-gn-ep-Å C-´y³ C³-Ìn-äyq-«v Hm-^v Sq-dn-kw B³-Uv {Sm-h am-t\-Pv-saâv (sF-sF-Sn-Sn-F-w) \-S-¯p-¶ am-t\-Pv-saân t]m-kv-äv {Km-tPz-äv Un-t¹m-a tIm-gv-kp-I-fpw B-IÀ-j-I-am-Wv. Sq-dn-kw ta-J-e-bp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« tIm-gv-kp-IÄ \-S-¯p-I-bpw ]-cn-io-e-\w \Â-Ip-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶ cm-Py-s¯ {]-ap-J Øm-]-\-am-Wv sF-sF-Sn-Sn-F-w. Kzm-fn-bÀ B-Øm-\-am-bp-Å sF-sF-Sn-Sn-F-½n-\v `p-h-t\-izÀ,\yq-UÂ-ln, tKm-h, s\-ÃqÀ F-¶n-hn-S-§-fn-epw skâ-dp-I-fp-WvSv. Sq-dn-kw B-³-Uv {Sm-hÂ, CâÀ-\m-j-W _n-kn-\-kv, Sq-dn-kw en-jÀ, Sq-dn-kw B³-Uv ImÀ-tKm kÀ-ho-kv Xp-S-§n-b kv-s]-j-sse-tk-j-t\m-Sp Iq-Sn-b-Xm-Wp tIm-gv-kv. F-Ãm skâ-dp-I-fn-epw Iq-Sn 618 ko-äp-I-fm-Wp-Å-Xv.
_w-K-fq-cp-hn-se ss{I-Ìv bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-bp-sS Fw-_n-F Sq-dn-kw A-Uv-an-\n-kv-t{S-j³ tIm-gv-kpw sN-ss¶-bn-se F-kv-BÀ-Fw bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-bp-sS tlm-kv-]n-äm-en-än, tlm-«Â, B³-Uv Sq-dn-kw am-t\-Pv-saâv tIm-gv-kpw sXm-gn km-[y-X-bp-Å-Xm-Wv.-