lbÀ sk¡³Udn ]co£m ^ehpw H¸w tIcf F³Pn\nbdnwKv {]thi\¸co£m^ehpw ]pd¯ph¶tXmsS c£nXm¡fpw hnZymÀYnIfpw D]cn]T\ hgnIÄ tXSnbpÅ Ae¨nenemWv. FÃmhÀ¡pw sXmgn Dd¸mIp¶ D]cn]T\ tImgvkv thWw. F³Pn\nbdnwKv sXcsªSp¡msa¶p h¨m GXp {_m©n\p tNcWw, tNÀ¶m F´p hsc, GXp hsc XpS§n {]Xo£Ifpw Bi¦Ifpw s]cpIn XpS§pw.
¹kv Sp Ignªm GXv ]Tn¡Ww? FhnsS ]Tn¡Ww ? ChbmWv an¡hÀ¡pw shÃphnfnbmIp¶Xv. At\Imbncw tImgvkpIÄ \½psS cmPy¯pÅt¸mÄ \mw aebmfnIÄ¡v s]mXpsh sXcsªSp¡m³ A\ptbmPyamb taJeIfntes¡msc¯nt\m«w \S¯pIbmWnhnsS.
F³Pn\nbdnwKv FSp¡p¶hÀ \nÝbambpw am¯amänIvkv ]Tnt¨ aXnbmIq. ¹kv Sp hsc ]Tn¨ coXnbnepÅ am¯amänIvkv F³Pn\nbdnwKv am¯amänIvknte¡v amdpIbmWv. Cu hnjbw _ncpZXe¯n Ffp¸amIWsa¦n lbÀ sk¡³Udn ]co£bn kmam\yw Xct¡SnÃm¯ amÀ¡pWvSmbncn¡Ww.
F³Pn\nbdnwKn Ct¸mÄ 27 {_m©pIfmWv hnhn[ tImfPpIfnembn DÅXv. Chbn Fbvtdmt\m«n¡epw saäeÀPnbpw sa¡t{SmWnIvkpw ASp¯ Ime¯v XpS§nbhbmWv. Gähpw IqSpX koäpIÄ knhnÂ, sa¡m\n¡Â, CeIv{Sn¡Â, CeIvt{SmWnIvkv B³Uv IayqWnt¡j³ F¶o ASnØm\ hnjb§Ä¡p Xs¶.
PohnX¯nse hgn¯ncnhmWv lbÀ sk¡³Udn¡p tijapÅ Cu Imew. FSp¡p¶ tImgvkmWv Hmtcm hnZymÀYnbpw `mhnbn F´mIpsa¶pw BcmIpsa¶pw \nÝbn¡p¶Xv. ChnsS km[yXIÄ hnebncp¯n thWw tImgvkpIÄ sXcsªSpt¡WvSXv. shdpw Hcp sXmgn am{XamWv e£ysa¦nepw sXcsªSp¡p¶ tImgvkn\v B e£y¯ntes¡¯n¡m\pÅ Fs´¦nepamtWm F¶pw Nn´n¡Ww. Htc tImgvkn\p Xs¶ hnhn[ ^okpIÄ CuSm¡p¶ hyhØ {]^jW tImgvkn\p hym]Iambpw aäp skÂ^v ^n\m³knwKv tImgvkpIÄ¡papWvSv. BZyw Xs¶ ^okv kw_Ôn¨ hnhc§Ä tNmZn¨dnbWw. Nne hyXykvX tImgvkpIÄ ]Tn¡p¶hÀ {]tXyIw {i²nt¡WvSXv A¯cw tImgvkpIÄ¡v GsX¦nepw kÀÆIemimeIfpsS A^nentbj\ptWvSm? GsX¦nepw kÀ¡mÀ t_mÀUnsâ A{IUntäj\ptWvSm atäsX¦nepw Ìmäyq«dn t_mUnbpsS AwKoImcaptWvSm F¶o Imcy§fmWv.
knhn F³Pn\nbdnwKv
knhn F³Pn\obdnwKv ASnØm\ F³Pn\nbdnwKv imJbmWv. sI«nS§Ä, AWs¡«pIÄ, tdmUpIÄ, ]me§Ä, ^vssf HmhdpIfpw AWvSÀ]mkpIfpw ip²Pe hnXcW ss]¸pIÄ Øm]n¡Â, thÌv amt\Pvsaâv F¶nhsbÃmw knhn F³Pn\nbdnwKpImcmWv sN¿pI. t{]mPIvSpIÄ Xbmdm¡Â, Unssk³, Hm¸tdj³ F¶nhbpw CXnepWvSv. sskäv C³shÌntKj\pw ^oÂUv ÌUokpw ^okn_nenän ÌUokpw CXnepÄs¸Sp¶p. tI{µþkwØm\ kÀ¡mcpIfpsS an¡ t{]mPIvSpIfnepw BZyL« ]T\w ChcptSXmbncn¡pw. _nsSIv FSp¯ tijw FwsS¡n\v t]mIp¶hÀ¡v I¬kv{S£³ sSIvt\mfn amt\Pvsaâv, Pntbm sSIv\n¡Â F³Pn\nbdnwKv, kv{SIvNd B³Uv I¬kv{S£³ F³Pn\nbdnwKv, Iw]yq«À FbvUUv kv{SIvNd F³Pn\nbdnwKv, {Sm³kvt]mÀ«v F³Pn\nbdnwKv F¶n§s\ hnhn[ hnjb§Ä FSp¡mw. ]nF¨vUnbpw sN¿mw. _nFkvF³FÂ, XpdapJ hIp¸v, ]nU»ypUn, hm«À AtYmdnän, PetkN\ hIp¸v sk³{S ]»nIv hÀIv Un¸mÀ«vsaâv F¶n§s\ hnhn[ cwK§fn tPmen e`n¡pw.
sa¡m\n¡Â
XpS§nb Imew apX C¶phsc Xnf¡w IqSp¶XÃmsX Ipdbm¯ {_m©mWnXv. hyXykvX F³Pn\nbdnwKv imJIsf GtIm]n¸n¡p¶hÀ IqSnbmWnhÀ. b{´§fpsS Unssk³, \nÀamWw, sabnâ\³kv F¶nhsbÃmw ChcmWv \S¯pI. sajo³ SqÄkv \nÀamWhpw cq]Iev]\bpw ChcmWv sN¿p¶Xv. Hmt«msamss_Â, s{]mU£³, C³Ukv{Snb F¶o imJIsfÃmw sa¡m\n¡Â F³Pn\nbdnwKnsâ D]imJIfmbn hfÀ¶hbmWv. FwsSIv FSp¡p¶hÀ¡v F\ÀPn F³Pn\nbdnwKv, F\ÀPn amt\Pvsaâv, C³Ukv{Snb d{^nPtdj³ B³Uv {ItbmP\nIv F³Pn\nbdnwKv F¶o hnjb§Ä kvs]jssetkj\mbmWv. tI{µ kwØm\ kÀhokpIfnepw assd³, Fbtdmt\m«n¡Â, \mhntKj³, Un^³kv F¶o cwK§fn anI¨ tPmen e`n¡pw. FwsSIv Ignbp¶hÀ¡v A[ym]IcmImw. _nsSIv Ignªv Fw_nF IqSn FSp¡p¶hsc {]tXyI ]ZhnIfn dn{Iq«v sN¿p¶ At\Iw I¼\nIfpWvSv.
CeIv{Sn¡Â B³Uv CeIvt{SmWnIvkv
CeIv{SnknänbptSbpw CeIvt{SmWnIvkntâbpw CeIvt{Sm amáänk¯ntâbpw ]T\hpw D]tbmKhpw kw_Ôn¨pÅ ]T\imJ, CeIv{SnIv ]hÀ IayqWnt¡j³kv, CeIvt{SmWnIvkv B³Uv I¬t{SmÄ knÌwkv ssat{Im CeIvt{SmWnIvkv, kná t{]mkknwKv, sSenIayqWnt¡j³kv, C³kv{Ssatâj³ F¶nh ]T\¯n DÄs¸«ncn¡p¶p. D]cn ]T\¯n\v hnhn[ taJeIfnte¡v Xncnbm³ Gähpw anI¨ {_m©mWnXv. tdmt_m«nIvkv, BÀ«n^njy CâenP³kv, sa¡t{SmWnIvkv, sXÀa F³Pn\nbdnwKv, \mt\msSIvt\mfPn, UnPnä CeIvt{SmWnIvkv, F¶nhbn FwsSIv FSp¡mw. F\ÀPn F³Pn\obdnwKpw ChcpsS D]cn]T\ hnjbamWv.
C´ybnepw hntZi¯pw tPmen km[yXbpWvSv. sdbn Âth, F³Sn]nkn, sIFkvC_n, hnhn[ tkm^väv shbÀ Uhe]vsaâv I¼\nIÄ, skan IWvSIvSÀ \nÀamW I¼\nIÄ F¶nhbn tPmen e`n¡pw. I¬kÄ«âmbpw tImfPv A[ym]Icmbpw CucwK¯v \ne\n¡m³ Ignbpw.
Hmt«msamss_Â
{]thi\ ]co£m I½ojWÀ \S¯p¶ F³Pn\nbdnwKv kv{Soan cWvSpXcw tImgvkpIfmWnXnepÅsX¶v {]tXyIw {i²nt¡WvSXmWv. Hmt«msamss_ F³Pn\nbdnwKpw ,sa¡m\n¡Â Hmt«msamss_epw . CXn Hmt«msamss_ F³Pn\nbdnwKv kzm{ib tImfPpIfn am{XamWpÅXv. sa¡m\n¡Â Hmt«msamss_ DÅXv sIFkvBÀSnknbpsS ]m¸\wtImSv tImfPnepw.
tamt«mÀ hml\§fpsS Unssk³, Uhe]vsaâv, \nÀamWw, sabnâ\³kv F¶nhsbÃmw CXn hcp¶p. F³Pn³ knÌwkv, CeIvt{SmWnIvkv B³Uv I¬t{SmÄ knÌw, ^vfqbnUv sa¡m\nIvkv, sXÀtam ssU\manIvkv, Fbvtdm ssU\manIvkv XpS§nbh ]T\ hnjb§fnepÄs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶p. Cu hnjbw ]Tn¨nd§p¶hÀ t{]mUIvSv/Unssk³ F³Pn\nbÀ, am\p^mIvNdnwKv F³Pn\nbÀ, Uhe]vsaâv F³Pn\nbÀ F¶o hn`mK§fnembn hn\ykn¡s¸Spw.
CeIvt{SmWnIvkv B³Uv IayqWnt¡j³
XpS§nb Imew apX Cu {_m©n\v \yqP\tdj³ apJamWpÅXv. Gähpw thK¯n hfÀ¶v ]´en¡p¶ hnÚm\imJIfnsem¶mWnXv. sFSn cwKs¯ h³ amä¯nsâ ASnØm\hpw CeIvt{SmWnIvknsâ apt¶äw Xs¶. \mt\m amáänIv Iw]yq«dpIfpsS C¡me¯v ASp¯sX´mIpsa¶ tNmZy¯n\p¯cw ImtWWvS {_m©pw CXv Xs¶bmWv. ]Tn¨nd§p¶hÀ¡v kzImcy taJebnse F® aäp I¼\nIfnemWv tPmen e`n¡pI. kÀ¡mÀ kÀhokn tPmen km[yX IpdhmWv. FwsSIv FSp¡p¶hÀ¡v C³kv{Sp satâj³ B³Uv I¬t{SmÄ, Ass¹Uv Cet{ÎmWnIvkv, Iw]yq«À kb³kv, hnFÂFkvsF B³Uv Fw_UUv knÌw,IayqWnt¡j³ knÌwkv, kná t{]mkknwKv, Hm]vän¡Â ss^_À IayqWnt¡j³, ]hÀ Cet{ÎmWnIvkv B³Uv ss{Uhv, Cet{ÎmWnIvkv Unssk³ Hmt«mtaj³ F¶nh {][m\ kvs]jssetkj\mWv. cmPys¯ F³sFSnIfnepw sFsFSnIfnepw Cu kvs]jssetkj\pIfn FwsSIv sN¿mw.
C³kv{Spsatâj³
am\p^mIvNdnwKv hyhkmb¯n Hgnhm¡m\mIm¯ taJebmWv C³kv{Spsatâj³, ssa\pIÄ, saä dnss^\dnIÄ, sSIvssÌÂ, ^pUv F³Pn\nbdnwKv F¶o taJeIfnepw _tbm saUn¡Â taJebnepw tPmen e`n¡pw. kÀ¡mÀ kÀhokn tPmen km[yX hfsc¡pdhmWv.
Iw]yq«À kb³kv / sFSn
s]mXpsh FÃmhÀ¡pw Adnbmhp¶Xpt]mse tkm^vävshbÀ F³Pn\nbdnwKpw lmÀUvshbÀ F³Pn\nbdnwKpw tNÀ¶XmWv Cu taJe. F¶m IqSpX t]cpsS tkh\w C¶mhiyambn hcp¶Xv tkm^vävshbÀ taJebnemWv. Iw]yq«À k b³kpImÀ H«pap¡m t]cpw tkm^vävshbÀ sUhe]vsaâv cwKt¯¡mWv t]mIp¶Xv.
s\ävhÀ¡v, tUäm t_kvamt\Pvsaâv, h³ I¼\nIfnse I¬kÄ «âv F¶o \neIfn tPmen e`n¡pw. C³^À taj³ skIyqcnän, ssk_À skIyqcnän, hbÀsekv s\äv hÀ¡v, Iw]yq«À C³^À taj³ kÀhokv F¶o hnjb§fn kvs]jssekv sNbvXv FwsSIv ]Tn¡m³ Ignbpw.
C³^Àtaj³ sSIvt\mfPn XpS§nb Ime¯v hnZymÀYnIsf BIÀjn¨ncp¶Xpt]mse C¶v BIÀjn¡p¶nà F¶Xv kXyamWv. ]t£ tPmen km[yX Cu taJebn Ipdªn«nà F¶pIqSn {i²n¡Ww. anSp¡À¡v s\ävhÀ¡nwKv, ssk_À skIyqcnän cwK§fn anI¨ tPmen e`n¡pw.
sIan¡Â/_tbmsSIvt\mfPn/_tbmsaUn¡Â
hfsc Ipd¨v tImfPpIfn am{XapÅXpw {]m[m\yw IpdhnÃm¯Xpamb {_m©pIfmWnh. Cu enÌnse Gähpw {][m\s¸« {_m©v SnsIFw tImfPv DÄs¸sS aq¶v kÀ¡mÀ tImfPnepw Htc Hcp kzImcy tImfPnepw am{XapÅ sIan¡Â F³Pn\nbdnwKv Xs¶. ]mkmbm Ct¸mgpw sIan¡epIÄ¡v tPmenbmWv. AkwkvIrX hkvXp¡Ä a\pjy\v {]tbmP\s¸Sp¶ Dev¸¶am¡n amäp¶ {]{InbbmWv {][m\ambpw sIan¡Â F³Pn\nbdnwKv. hnhn[Xcw cmtkmXv]¶§Ä \nÀan¡p¶Xpw ChÀXs¶. cmkhfw apX hmÀWnjpw Nmb§fpw hsc ChcpsS taJebn hcp¶XmWv. thÌvamt\Pvsaânepw s]meyqj³ I¬t{Smfnepw ChcpsS km¶n[yw hepXmWv.
FwsSIv t]mfnaÀ sSIvt\mfPn, jpKÀ sSIvt\mfPn, s]bvâv sSIvt\mfPn, F³hb¬saâ F³Pn\nbdnwKv, ^mÀakyq«n¡Â F³Pn\nbdnwKv F¶nhbn D]cn]T\w \S¯mw. _tbm t]mfnaÀ F³Pn\nbdnwKv F¶Xv Cu taJebnse FaÀPnwKv imJbmWv. kÀ¡mÀ/kzImcy taJeIfn tPmen Dd¸m¡mw.
_tbm saUn¡Â
_tbmsSIvt\mfPnbpw XpS§nbt¸mÄ FSp¯pImWn¨ t]mepÅ sXmgn km[yXbnsöXv ]cmXnbmbn ]dbp¶Xv Cu tImgvkpIÄ ]Tn¨nd§p¶hÀ Xs¶bmWv. D]cn]T\ taJeIfnepw ChÀ shÃphnfnIÄ t\cnSp¶p. F¦nepw _tbm C³ kv{Spsatâj³, _tbm sa¡m\nIvkv, _tbm saäocnbÂkv, ¢n\n¡Â F³Pn\nbdnwKv, _tbm sSIvt\mfPn, ¢n\n¡Â F³Pn\nbdnwKv F¶o taJeIÄ D]cn]T\¯n\v sXcsªSp¡mw. tIcf¯n D]cn]T\ km[yX IpdhmWv. I¼\nIfpsS {]Xn\n[nbmbn _tbm saUn¡Â F³Pn\nbdmbn tPmen sN¿p¶hÀ [mcmfapsWvS¦nepw ]T\ \nehmca\pkcn¨v i¼f LS\bnÃm¯Xv Cu tImgvkpIfpsS \ndw sISp¯p¶p.
^pUv sSIvt\mfPn/ ^pUv F³Pn\nbdnwKv
Hmtcm {_m©pw Hmtcm tImfPpIfn am{Xw. CXn ^pUv F³Pn\nbdnwKv ImÀjnI kÀhIemimebpsS tIf¸Pn tImfPnemWpÅXv. ^pUv sSIvt\mfPn sImÃw PnÃbnse Hcp kzm{ib tImfPnepw. ^pUv s{]mkknwKv C³Ukv{Snbn tPmen e`n¡pw. ]Tn¨nd§p¶hÀ C´ybn hfsc IpdhmWv. ASp¯ Imew hsc Cu hn`mK¯n FwsSIv am{Xta DWvSmbncp¶pÅq. ssakqdnse sk³{S ^pUv sSIvt\mfPn¡Â dnkÀ¨v C³Ìnäyq«n _ncpZm\´c ]T\w \S¯m³ Ignbpw. lcnbm\bnepÅ \mjW C³Ìnäyq«v Hm^v ^pUv sSIvt\mfPn FâÀ{]WÀjn¸v B³Uv amt\Pvsaâv F¶ tZiob KthjW Øm]\¯n FwsSIv tImgvkpWvSv. tPmen Dd¸m¡mhp¶ tImgvkmWv Cu taJebnse F³Pn\nbdnwKv _ncpZþ_ncpZm\´c _ncpZ tImgvkpIÄ.
Fbtdmt\m«n¡Â/saäeÀPn
Ch cWvSv hyXykvX {_m©pIfpw tIcf¯n Ahkm\w h¶p tNÀ¶hbmWv. CXn Fbtdmt\m«n¡Â At\Iw hnZymÀYnIsf BIÀjn¡p¶ {_m©msW¦nepw C´ybn tPmen km[yX IpdhmsW¶ Imcyw HmÀan¡Ww. C¯cw tImgvkpIÄ FSp¡pt¼mÄ hnZymÀYnIÄ kz´w ]T\\nehmchpw H¸w Øm]\§fnse ASnØm\ kuIcyhpw {i²nt¡WvSXmWv.
tIcf¯n tIm«bw PnÃbnse Htcsbmcp kzm{ib tImfPnemWv _nsSIv saäeÀPn tImgvkpÅXv. saäocnb kb³kv Xs¶bmWnXv. hnhn[bn\w tcmK§fpsS kz`mhhpw teml¡q«pIfpw hyhkmbnImhiy¯n\v X¿mdm¡p¶ F³Pn\nbdnwKnÂ. tPmen Dd¸mWv. teml hyhkmb¯n temI¯v H¶mw Øm\¯mWv \½psS cmPyw. thWvS{X tbmKyXbpÅhcpsS Ipdhv Cu taJebn DÅXv ImcWw Cu {_m©n\v tIcf¯n\v shfnbnepw hntZi¯pw tPmen e`n¡pw.
Ass¹Uv CeIvt{SmWnIvkv
t]cv kqNn¸n¡p¶Xpt]mse {]tbmKtbmKyamb CeIvt{SmWnIvkns\m¸w Xs¶ C³kv{Spsatâj³ IqSn Cu {_m©n ]Tn¡p¶p. CeIv{Sn¡Â/CeIvt{SmWnIvkv D]IcW§Ä sSÌnwKn\v thWvSnbpw Af¡p¶Xn\v thWvSnbpw {]hÀ¯\w \nb{´n¡p¶Xn\pw thWvSn hnIkn¸ns¨Sp¡p¶ taJebmWv.
F.AÐpÄ k¯mÀ
(AknÌâv cPnkv{SmÀ,
tIcf kÀhIemime)