<ളീിേ ളമരല = ്ലൃറമിമ ശ്വെല =2>ചഋഠ ഖഞഎ ചില വസ്തുതകൾ
k¦oÀWambncp¶ D¶X hnZym`ymk taJebpsS KpW\nehmcw sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\pw D¶X hnZym`ymk taJesb Hcp tZiob N«¡qSn\pÅn sImWvSphcp¶Xn\pw thWvSn cq]oIrXamb Hcp tZiob hnZym`ymk kwhn[m\amWv kÀhIemimem [\Imcy I½oj³, `mcX¯nse kÀhIemimem hnZym`ymkw ]cnjvIcn¡p¶Xn\pw sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\pw thWvSn \ntbmKn¨ 1949se tUm. cm[mIrjvWsâ hnZym`ymk in]mÀiIfn {][m\s¸« Hcn\ambncp¶p kÀhIemime [\Imcy I½oj³. ap³ {][m\a{´n PhlÀem s\lvdphnsâ {]tXyI {ia^eambn 1953 cq]wsImWvS I½oj\v 1956þ ]mÀesaânsâ AwKoImcw e`n¨tXmsS k¼qÀW kzX{´ `cWLS\m Øm]\ambn amdn.

D¶X hnZym`ymk cwKs¯ ]T\¯nsâbpw KthjW¯nsâbpw \nehmcw \nÝbn¡p¶Xpw sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶Xpw GtIm]n¸n¡p¶XpsaÃmw Cu Øm]\amWv.

tUm. im´nkzcq]v `Sv\KÀ Bbncp¶p BZy sNbÀam³ Ct¸mÄ {]^. tUm. thZ{]Imiv. {][m\a{´n a³taml³ knwKpw Ipd¨pImew CXnsâ sNbÀam\mbn tkh\w A\pjvTn¨n«pWvSv. I½oj\v Iogn 51 ]cw A¡mUan¡v Ìm^v tImfPpIfpw 74þ ]cw aäp Øm]\§fpw {]hÀ¯n¨phcp¶p. kwcw`IXz ]cnioe\ {]hÀ¯\§fpw hnZym`ymk¯ne[njvTnXamb Øm]\§fpw {]hÀ¯\§fpw I½ojsâ ]cn]mSnbnÂs]Sp¶p. _u²nI kz¯p¡fpsS kwc£Ww, hntZi§fn D¶X hnZym`ymk¯nsâ hym]\w, A¡mUanIv Øm]\§fptSbpw A¡mUanIv ta[mhn hnZybpsS t{]mÕml\w XpS§nbh I½oj³ \S¯n hcp¶ {]hÀ¯\§fmWv.

hfcp¶ Xeapdbv¡v sa¨s¸« hnZym`ymkw

hfcp¶ Xeapdbv¡v sa¨s¸« hnZym`ymkw \ÂIp¶Xn\mWv I½ojsâ {][m\e£yw. Ccp]¯n H¶mw \qämWvSnse C´ysb kz]v\w IWvS ap³ {][m\a{´n cmPohv KmÔnbpsS e£yhpw CXpXs¶bmbncp¶p. C´ybpw D¶XhnZym`ymk taJebn XnIª ]cmPbw F¶v AwKoIcn¨psImWvSp Xs¶bmWv 1986se tZiob hnZym`ymk \bhpw 1992se {]hÀ¯\ ]cn]mSnIfpw Bcw`n¨Xv. \mfs¯ Xeapdsb hmÀs¯Sp¡p¶ A[ym]IÀ¡v sa¨s¸« thX\w \ÂIWsa¶v At±lw \njv¡Àjn¨p. 1986 se salvtdm{X I½nän in]mÀiIÄ D¶X hnZym`ymk cwK¯v \S¸nem¡nbXv. A[ym]IÀ¡v sa¨s¸« thX\ hyhØIfpw hnZymÀYnIÄ¡v sa¨s¸« hnZym`ymkhpw Ccp]¯n H¶mw \qämWvSnse shÃphnfnIsf t\cnSm\pÅ Icp¯v bphXeapdbv¡v t\Sns¡mSp¡m\mbncp¶p cmPohv KmÔnbpsS {iaw. \à A[ym]Isc D¶X hnZym`ymk taJebn \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xn\pthWvSn kab_ÔnXambn i¼f ]cnjvIcWhpw I½oj³ sNbvXp hcp¶p. F¶m kwØm\§fn AXp \S¸m¡p¶Xn henb ImeXmakw DWvSmIp¶Xv D¶X hnZym`ymk taJebn AkwXr]vXn¡v ImcWambn«pWvSv. kÀhIemime A[ym]\ cwK¯v IS¶phcp¶hcpsS KpW\nehmcw Dd¸p hcp¯m³ thWvSn kÀhIemime [\Imcy I½oj³ GÀs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅ ]co£m kwhn[m\amWv s\äv (\mjW FenPn_nenän sSÌv) imkv{Xhnjb§fnse A[ym]Isc sXcsªSp¡p¶Xn\v thWvSn Iu¬kn Hm^v kbân^nIv B³Uv C³Ukv{Snb dnkÀ¨pambn tNÀ¶mWv s\äv/sPBÀF^v ]co£bv¡v cq]w sImSp¯n«pÅXv.

s\äv/sPBÀF^v ]co£ FgpXp¶hÀ _ncpZm\´c _ncpZ¯n 55 iXam\w amÀ¡v t\Snbhcmbncn¡Ww. F¶m ]«nIPmXnþ hÀK¯nÂs]Sp¶hÀ¡pw icocnI sshIeyapÅhÀ¡pw 50 iXam\w amÀ¡v aXn. _ncpZm\´c _ncpZ ]co£ FgpXn ^ew Im¯ncn¡p¶hÀ¡pw Cu ]co£ FgpXmw. AhÀ Result awaited hn`mK¯nÂs¸Spw. ]co£ FgpXp¶Xn\v AhÀ¡v XmXvImenI A\paXntbbpÅq. AhcpsS At]£IÄ Øm]\§fpsS ta[mhnbpsS km£y]{Xt¯mSpIqSn thWw kaÀ¸n¡phm³. bpPnkn Bhiys¸Spt¼mÄ AhÀ Bhiyamb tcJIÄ kaÀ¸n¡Ww. AÃm¯]£w AhcpsS ]co£m^ew d±m¡pw. F¶m 1991\p ap¼v 50 iXam\w amÀt¡mSpIqSn ]nPn FSp¯n«pÅhÀ¡pw s\äv ]co£ FgpXmw.

PqWnbÀ dnkÀ¨v s^tÃmjn¸n\v thWvS DbÀ¶ {]mb]cn[n 28 hbkmWv. F¶m s\äv ]co£ FgpXp¶Xn\v {]tXyI {]mb]cn[n CÃ. ]«nIPmXnþhÀK¯nÂs¸Sp¶hÀ¡pw aäv B\pIqey§Ä¡v AÀlcmbhÀ¡pw DbÀ¶ {]mb]cn[nbn A©p hÀjs¯ Cfhp e`n¡pw.

]co£IÄ PqWnepw Unkw_dnepw

FÃmhÀjhpw PqWnepw Unkw_dnepambn cWvSp s\äv/sPBÀF^v ]co£IÄ I½oj³ \S¯nhcp¶p.

tImfPpIfnse A[ym]I \nba\¯n\v s\äv hnPbn¨hÀ ]»nIv kÀhokv I½oj³ t]mepÅ GP³knIÄ \S¯p¶ ]co£Ifnepw CâÀhyqhnepw hnPbw t\SWw. Npcp¡n¸dªm hfsc IÀi\amb ]co£IÄ¡pw ]co£W§Ä¡pw tijw BWv Hcp A[ym]Is\/A[ym]nIsb hnZymÀYnIfpsS ap¼n AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xv.

Hcp s\äv At]£I³ Hcp Znhkw Xs¶ aq¶p ]co£ FgpXWw. imkv{X hnjb§fn F_nkn F¶ aq¶p hn`mKhpw am\hnI hnjb§fn t]¸À 1, 11, 111 F¶o hn`mKhpw. 2012 apX ]co£bpsS LS\bnepw DÅS¡¯nepw hyXymkw hcp¯nbn«pWvSv. {][m\ambpw hkvXp\njvTm]camb tNmZy§fmWv tNmZymhenbnepÅXv. {]tXyI an\naw IqSmsX sam¯w amÀ¡pIÄ¡pw {]tXyI an\naw thWsa¶ I½ojsâ Xocpam\w tImSXnbpsS Xocpam\¯n\v hnt[bambn«mbncn¡pw \S¸m¡pI.

tbmKyX IqSpX amÀ¡p t\Snbhcnse 15 iXam\w

FÃm ]co£Ifnepw hnPbn¨hcpsS enÌv I½oj³ {]kn²oIcn¡psa¦nepw Gähpw IqSpX amÀ¡p t\Snbhcnse 15 iXam\¯n\p am{Xta A[ym]Ihr¯n¡p in]mÀi e`n¡pIbpÅq. ]co£mÀYnIsf kw_Ôn¨v Gähpw tZmjIcamb hyhØbmWnXv. Gähpw \à A[ym]Isc kÀhIemimeIfnte¡v Ab¨v A[ym]\ \nehmcw sa¨s¸Sp¯phm\mWv I½ojsâ Dt±iyw. tIcfw t]mepÅ kwØm\§fnse {]mtbmKnI _p²nap«pIÄ I½oj³ a\knem¡nbn«nÃ. hcpwIme§fn tbmKyX t\Snb A[ym]IcpsS Ipdhv Iemeb§fn DWvSmIpw. imkv{X hnjb§sf {][m\ambpw Bdp hn`mKambn Xncn¨n«pWvSv. sse^v kb³kv, FÀ¯v, Aävtamkv^nbdnIv, Hmj³ B³Uv ¹m\nädn kb³kv, am¯amän¡Â kb³kv sIan¡Â kb³kv ^nkn¡Â kb³kv, F³Pn\nbdnwKv kb³kv. Cu hnjb§Äs¡Ãmw H_vPIvSohv amXrIbnepÅ ]co£bmWv bpPnknbpw knFkvsFBdpw kwbpàambn \S¯p¶Xv. Ccp\qdp amÀ¡pÅ cWvSp ]co£bmWpcmhnse aq¶p aWn¡qdpw D¨bv¡v aq¶p aWn¡qdpw.

tNmZymhen {][m\ambpw aq¶mbn Xcw Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p. ]mÀ«v F, _n.kn. ]mÀ«v F FÃm hnjb§Ä¡pw Hcpt]mse _m[Iw. hnZymÀYnIfpsS s]mXphmb A`ncpNn Af¡p¶Xn\pÅ Cu ]co£bmWv temPn¡Â dokWnwKv, {Km^n¡Â A\menknkv, A\enän¡Â B³Uv \yqadn¡Â F_nenän IzmWvSntääohv I¼mcnk¬ kocokv t^mÀtaj³, ]knepIÄ XpS§nb taJeIfmWv CXnse DÅS¡w.

]mÀ«v _nbnepw _Ôs¸« hnjb§fnepÅ aÄ«n¸nÄ tNmZy§fpw ]mÀ«v knbn _Ôs¸« hnjb§fnse DbÀ¶ aqeyapÅ tNmZy§fpw BWv tNmZn¡p¶Xv. sXämb D¯c§Ä FgpXnbm s\Käohv amÀ¡nwKpw Nne tNmZy§Ä¡v t\cntSWvSnhcpw.

C´ybn _mwKfqÀ, `h\KÀ, t`m¸mÂ, `qht\izÀ, NmWvUnKUv, sNss¶, sIm¨n, UÂln, KpWvSqÀ, tKml¯n, sslZcm_mZv, Cw^mÂ, P½p, PwjUv]qÀ, Imssc¡pSn, tIm¡¯, eIvt\m, \mKv¸qÀ, ]nem\n, ]qs\, dmbv]qÀ, dqÀ¡n, {io\KÀ, Xncph\´]pcw, DZb¸qÀ, hmcmWkn F¶nhbmWv ]co£m tI{µ§Ä. Chbv¡pÅn D]tI{µ§fpw DWvSmIpw. ]co£m tI{µ§Ä Hcn¡Â sXcsªSp¯n«v amäm³ A\phZn¡nÃ.

Hm¬sse³ kwhn[m\§fneqsS thWw At]£bpw At]£m ^okpw ASbv¡phm³. AhbpsS hnhc§Ä _Ôs¸« sh_vsskäpIfn e`yamWv. knFkvsFBdnsâ sh_vsskäv www.csirhrdg.res.in bpPnknbptSXp http://ugcnetonline.in

{i²nt¡WvS Imcy§Ä

At]£IÄ Abbv¡pt¼mÄ {]tXyIw {i²nt¡WvS kwKXnIÄ: ]co£bv¡pthWvS FÃm tbmKyXIfpw t\Snbncn¡Ww. Hm¬sse³ At]£IÀ t\ct¯ At]£IÄ \ÂInbm \¶v. Ahkm\ XobXn¡p ap¼mbn FÃm tcJIfpw _Ôs¸« Hm^okn e`n¨ncn¡Ww. tNmZy§Ä Cw¥ojntem lnµnbntem am{Xta e`yamIq. Hcp At]£I³ H¶n IqSpX At]£ Abbv¡m³ ]mSnÃ. At]£bnse tImf§sfm¶pw ]qcn¸n¡msX shdpsX CScpXv. At]£bpsS Hcp ]IÀ¸v ssIhiw hbv¡m³ hn«pt]mIcpXv.

knhn kÀhokv ]co£tb¡mfpw IÀi\amb hyhØIfmWv bpPnkn knFkvsFBÀ ]men¡p¶Xv. _Ôs¸« I½oj\pIÄ¡v ap¼nepÅ {][m\\bw D¶X hnZym`ymkcwK¯v KpW\nehmcw Dd¸phcp¯pI F¶pÅXmWv. \à hnZymÀYnIfpw \à A[ym]Icpw \à hnZym`ymk A´co£hpw DWvSmbmse Cu e£yw t\Sm\mhq. bpPnkn IqSpX {]mtbmKnIXe¯nte¡v Cd§n hcp¶Xpw hnZym`ymk¯nsâ D]t`màm¡Ä bpPnknbpsS \nehmc¯nte¡v Dbcm³ {ian¡pIbpamWv thWvSXv. IÀi\amb ]e hyhØIfpw eLqIcn¨mse D¶X hnZym`ymk taJe IqSpX BIÀjIhpw AXnse F³tdmÄsaâv hÀ[n¡pIbpw DÅq.


{]^. _n. N{µNqU³ \mbÀ
( Xncph\´]pcw bqWnthgvknän tImfPnse Ncn{Xhn`mKw ap³ ta[mhnbmWv teJI³. Ct¸mÄ Xncph\´]pcw skâÀ t^mÀ IcnbÀ Uhe]vsaâv ÌUoknsâ UbdIvSÀ. knhn kÀhokv, sPBÀF^v /s\äv ]cnioe\§Ä¡p t\XrXzw \ÂIp¶p.)