lbÀ sk-¡³Udn ]co-£m-^-ehpw H¸w tIcf saUn-¡Â F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKv {]th-i-\-¸-co£m ^ehpw ]pd-¯p-h-¶-tXmsS c£n-Xm-¡fpw hnZymÀYn-I-fpw D-]-cn]T-\ h-gn-IÄ tX-Sn-bp-Å A-e-¨n-en--emWv. FÃm-hÀ¡pw sXmgn Dd-¸m-Ip¶ D]-cn-]-T\ tImgvkv th-Ww. F³-Pn-\n-b-dnw-Kv sX-c-sª-Sp-¡m-sa-¶p h-¨m G-Xp {_m-©n-\p tN-cWw, tNÀ-¶m F-´p hsc, G-Xp hsc XpS-§n {]-Xo-£-Ifpw B-i-¦-Ifpw s]-cp-In Xp-S-§pw.
¹kv Sp Ign-ªm GXv ]Tn-¡-Ww? FhnsS ]Tn-¡Ww ? Ch-bm-Wv an¡-hÀ¡pw shÃp-hn-fn-bm-Ip-¶Xv. At\-Im-bncw tImgvkp-IÄ \½psS cmPy-¯p-Å-t¸mÄ \mw ae-bm-fn-IÄ¡v s]mXpsh sXc-sª-Sp-¡m³ A\p-tbm-Py-amb taJ-e-I-fn-te-s¡m-sc-¯n-t\m-«w \-S-¯p-I-bm-Wn-hnsS.
F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKv FSp-¡p-¶-hÀ \nÝ-b-ambpw am¯-am-änIvkv ]Tnt¨ aXn-bmIq. ¹kv Sp hsc ]Tn¨ coXn-bn-epÅ am¯-am-änIvkv F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKv am¯-am-än-Ivkn-te¡v amdp-I-bmWv. Cu hnjbw _ncp-Z-X-e-¯n Ffp-¸-am-I-W-sa-¦n lbÀ sk¡-³Udn ]co-£-bn kmam\yw Xc-t¡-Sn-Ãm¯ amÀ¡p-WvSm-bn-cn-¡Ww. kÀ¡mÀ an\naw amÀ¡v h¨Xv Xs¶ C¡mcyw ]cn-K-Wn-¨mWv.
F³Pn-\n-b-dnw-Kn Ct¸mÄ 27 {_m©p-I-fmWv hnhn[ tImf-Pp-I-fn-embn DÅXv. Ch-bn Fbvtdm-t\m-«n-¡epw saä-eÀPnbpw sa¡-t{Sm-WnIvkpw ASp¯ Ime¯v XpS-§n-b-h-bmWv. Gähpw IqSp-X koäp-IÄ knhnÂ, sa¡m-\n-¡Â, Ce-Iv{Sn-¡Â, Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIvkv B³Uv Iayq-Wn-t¡-j³ F¶o ASn-Øm\ hnj-b§Ä¡p Xs¶.
kwØm-\¯v Gähpw IqSp-X koäp-I-fp-ÅXpw Cu \mev {_m©p-IÄ¡p-amWv. CXn knhn F³Pn-\n-b-dnw-Kn\v ASp¯ Ime-¯mbn Bh-iy-¡m-tc-sd-bmWv. {][m\ ImcWw Cu {_m©n-\pÅ t]mse kÀ¡mÀ tPmen km[yX aäp {_m©p-IÄ¡nà F¶XmWv. _ncp-Zm-\-´c _ncpZ ]T-\-amb FwsS-In\pw hnhn[ kvs]jm-en-än-IÄ IqSp-X-ep-ÅXv knhn {_m©n\p Xs¶-bmWv.
F¶m Ce-Iv{Sn-¡Â B³Uv Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIvkv {_m©n\pw Ce-Iv{Sn-knän t_mÀUnepw aäpw sXmgn km[y-X-tb-sd-bmWv. sa¡m-\n-¡-ensâ BIÀj-Wo-bX A\p-Zn\w hÀ[n-¡p¶ Hmt«m-sam-ss_ hyh-kmbw Xs¶-bmWv. s\äv-hÀ¡nwKv, Iayq-Wn-t¡-j³, ssk_À skIyq-cnän, tUäm t_kv amt\-Pvsaâv F\\o cwK-§-fn-te¡v Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIvkv þ Iw]yq-«À kb³kv {_m©p-ImÀ¡v sXmgn km[y-X-bpWvSv. CsXm-s¡-bm-sW-¦nepw anI¨ Iym¼-kp-I-fnse anSp-¡-cmb hnZymÀYn-Isf {_m©v hyXym-k-an-ÃmsX h³ I¼-\n-IÄ dn{Iq«v sN¿p-¶p-sWvS-¶p-ÅXpw {i²n-t¡-WvS-XmWv.
km[y-X-IÄ hne-b-cp-¯pI
Pohn-X-¯nse hgn-¯n-cn-hmWv lbÀ sk¡-³U-dn¡p tij-apÅ Cu Imew. FSp-¡p-¶ tImgvkmWv Hmtcm hnZymÀYnbpw `mhn-bn F´m-Ip-sa¶pw Bcm-Ip-sa¶pw \nÝ-bn-¡p-¶Xv. ChnsS km[y-X-IÄ hne-bn-cp¯n thWw tImgvkp-IÄ sXc-sª-Sp-t¡-WvSXv. shdpw Hcp sXmgn am{X-amWv e£y-sa-¦nepw sXc-sª-Sp-¡p¶ tImgvkn\v B e£y-¯n-te-s¡-¯n-¡m-\pÅ Fs´-¦n-ep-amtWm F¶pw Nn´n-¡Ww.
Htc tImgvkn\p Xs¶ hnhn[ ^okp-IÄ CuSm-¡p¶ hyhØ {]^-j-W tImgvkn\p hym]-I-ambpw aäp skÂ^v ^n\m³kn\v tImgvkp-IÄ¡p-apWvSv. BZyw Xs¶ ^okv kw_-Ôn¨ hnh-c-§Ä tNmZn-¨-dn-bWw. Nne hyXykvX tImgvkp-IÄ ]Tn-¡p-¶-hÀ {]tXyIw {i²n-t¡-WvSXv A¯cw tImgvkp-IÄ¡v GsX-¦nepw kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-I-fpsS A^n-en-tb-j-\ptWvSm? GsX-¦nepw kÀ¡mÀ t_mÀUnsâ A{I-Un-tä-j-\ptWvSm atä-sX-¦nepw Ìmäyq-«dn t_mUn-bpsS AwKo-Im-c-aptWvSm F¶o Imcy-§-fmWv.
knhn F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKv
knhn F³Pn-\o-b-dnwKv ASn-Øm\ F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKv imJ-bmWv. sI«n-S-§Ä, AW-s¡-«p-IÄ, tdmUp-IÄ, ]me-§Ä, ^vssf Hmh-dp-Ifpw AWvSÀ]m-kp-Ifpw ip²-Pe hnX-cW ss]¸p-IÄ Øm]n-¡Â, thÌv amt\-Pvsaâv F¶n-h-sbÃmw knhn F³Pn-\n-b-dnw-Kp-Im-cmWv sN¿pI. t{]mP-IvSp-IÄ Xbm-dm-¡Â, Unssk³, Hm¸-td-j³ F¶n-hbpw CXn-epWvSv.
sskäv C³sh-Ìn-tK-j\pw ^oÂUv ÌUokpw ^okn-_n-enän ÌUokpw CXn-epÄs¸-Sp¶p. tI{µþkwØm\ kÀ¡m-cp-I-fpsS an¡ t{]mP-IvSp-I-fnepw BZy-L« ]T\w Ch-cp-tS-Xm-bn-cn¡pw. _nsSIv FSp¯ tijw FwsS-¡n\v t]mIp-¶-hÀ¡v I¬kv{S-£³ sSIvt\mfn amt\-Pvsaâv, Pntbm sSIv\n-¡Â F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKv, kv{SIvN-d B³Uv I¬kv{S-£³ F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKv, Iw]yq-«À FbvUUv kv{SIvN-d F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKv, {Sm³kvt]mÀ«v F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKv F¶n-§s\ hnhn[ hnj-b-§Ä FSp¡mw. ]nF-¨vUnbpw sN¿mw. _nF-kv-F³-FÂ, Xpd-apJ hIp¸v, ]nU-»ypUn, hm«À AtYm-dnän, Pe-tk-N\ hIp¸v sk³{S ]»nIv hÀIv Un¸mÀ«vsaâv F¶n-§s\ hnhn[ cwK-§-fn tPmen e`n¡pw.
sa¡m-\n-¡Â
XpS-§nb Imew apX C¶p-hsc Xnf¡w IqSp-¶-X-ÃmsX Ipd-bm¯ {_m©m-WnXv. hyXykvX F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKv imJ-Isf GtIm-]n-¸n-¡p-¶-hÀ IqSn-bm-Wn-hÀ. b{´-§-fpsS Unssk³, \nÀamWw, sabnâ-\³kv F¶n-h-sbÃmw Ch-cmWv \S-¯pI. sajo³ SqÄkv \nÀam-Whpw cq]-I-ev]-\bpw Ch-cmWv sN¿p-¶Xv. Hmt«m-sam-ss_Â, s{]mU-£³, C³U-kv{Sn-b F¶o imJ-I-sfÃmw sa¡m-\n-¡Â F³Pn-\n-b-dnw-Knsâ D]-im-J-I-fmbn hfÀ¶-h-bmWv.
FwsSIv FSp-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v F\ÀPn F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKv, F\ÀPn amt\-Pvsaâv, C³U-kv{Sn-b d{^n-P-td-j³ B³Uv {Itbm-P-\nIv F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKv F¶o hnj-b-§Ä kvs]j-sse-tk-j-\m-bmWv. tI{µ kwØm\ kÀho-kp-I-fnepw assd³, Fb-tdm-t\m-«n-¡Â, \mhn-tK-j³, Un^³kv F¶o cwK-§-fn anI¨ tPmen e`n¡pw. FwsSIv Ign-bp-¶-hÀ¡v A[ym-]-I-cmImw. _nsSIv Ignªv Fw_nF IqSn FSp-¡p-¶-hsc {]tXyI ]Z-hn-I-fn dn{Iq«v sN¿p¶ At\Iw I¼-\n-I-fpWvSv.
Ce-Iv{Sn-¡Â B³Uv Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIvkv
Ce-Iv{Sn-kn-än-bp-tSbpw Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wn-Ivkn-tâbpw CeIvt{Sm amá-än-k-¯n-tâbpw ]T-\hpw D]-tbm-Khpw kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ ]T-\-imJ, Ce-Iv{SnIv ]hÀ Iayq-Wn-t¡-j³kv, Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIvkv B³Uv I¬t{SmÄ knÌwkv ssat{Im Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIvkv, kná t{]mk-knwKv, sSen-I-ayq-Wn-t¡-j³kv, C³kv{S-sa-tâ-j³ F¶nh ]T-\-¯n DÄs¸-«n-cn-¡p¶p. D]cn ]T-\-¯n\v hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn-te¡v Xncn-bm³ Gähpw anI¨ {_m©m-WnXv. tdmt_m-«nIvkv, BÀ«n-^n-jy Câ-en-P³kv, sa¡-t{Sm-WnIvkv, sXÀa F³Pn\n-b-dnwKv, \mt\m-sS-Ivt\m-fPn, UnPn-ä Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIvkv, F¶n-h-bn FwsSIv FSp¡mw. F³ÀPn F³Pn\o-b-dnwKpw Ch-cpsS D]-cn-]-T\ hnj-b-amWv.
C´y-bnepw hntZ-i¯pw tPmen km[yX bpWvSv. sdbnÂth, F³Sn-]nkn, sIF-kv-C_n, hnhn[ tkm^väv shbÀ Uh-e-]vsaâv I¼-\n-IÄ, skan IWvS-IvSÀ \nÀamW I¼-\n-IÄ F¶n-h-bn tPmen e`n¡pw. I¬kÄ«âmbpw tImf-Pv A-[ym-]-I-cmbpw Cucw-K¯v \ne\n¡m³ Ignbpw.
Hmt«m samss_Â
{]th-i\ ]co£m I½o-j-WÀ \S-¯p¶ F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKv kv{Soan cWvSp-Xcw tImgvkp-I-fm-Wn-Xn-ep-Å-sX¶v {]tXyIw {i²n-t¡-WvS-XmWv. Hmt«m-sam-ss_ F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKpw ,sa¡m-\n-¡Â Hmt«m-sam-ss_epw . CXn Hmt«m-sam-ss_ F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKv kzm{ib tImf-Pp-I-fn am{X-am-Wp-ÅXv. sa¡m-\n-¡Â Hmt«m-sam-ss_ DÅXv sIF-kv-BÀSn-kn-bpsS ]m¸-\w-tImSv tImf-Pnepw.
tamt«mÀ hml-\-§-fpsS Unssk³, Uh-e-]vsaâv, \nÀamWw, sabnâ-\³kv F¶n-h-sbÃmw CXn hcp¶p. F³Pn³ knÌwkv, Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIvkv B³Uv I¬t{SmÄ knÌkw, ^vfqbnUv sa¡m-\nIvkv, sXÀtam ssU\m-anIvkv, Fbvtdm ssU\m-anIvkv XpS-§n-bh ]T\ hnj-b-§-fn-epÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. Cu hnjbw ]Tn-¨n-d-§p-¶-hÀ t{]mUIvSv/Unssk³ F³Pn-\n-bÀ, am\p-^m-IvN-dnwKv F³Pn-\n-bÀ, Uh-e-]vsaâv F³Pn-\n-bÀ F¶o hn`m-K-§-fn-embn hn\y-kn-¡-s¸Spw.
Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIvkv B³Uv Iayq-Wn-t¡-j³
XpS-§nb Imew apX Cu {_m©n\v \yqP-\-td-j³ apJ-am-Wp-ÅXv. Gähpw thK-¯n hfÀ¶v ]´-en-¡p¶ hnÚm-\-im-J-I-fn-sem-¶m-WnXv. sFSn cwKs¯ h³ amä-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\hpw Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wn-Ivknsâ apt¶äw Xs¶. \mt\m amá-änIv Iw]yq-«-dp-I-fpsS C¡m-e¯v ASp-¯-sX-´m-Ip-sa¶ tNmZy-¯n-\p-¯cw ImtWWvS {_m©pw CXv Xs¶-bmWv. ]Tn-¨n-d-§p-¶-hÀ¡v kzImcy taJ-e-bnse F® aäp I¼-\n-I-fn-emWv tPmen e`n-¡pI. kÀ¡mÀ kÀho-kn tPmen km[yX Ipd-hmWv.
FwsSIv FSp-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v C³kv{Sp satâj³ B³Uv I¬t{SmÄ, Ass¹Uv Cet{ÎmWnIvkv, Iw]yq«À kb³kv, hnFÂFkvsF B³Uv Fw_UUv knÌw,IayqWnt¡j³ knÌwkv, kná t{]mkknwKv, Hm]vän¡Â ss^_À IayqWnt¡j³, ]hÀ Cet{ÎmWnIvkv B³Uv ss{Uhv, Cet{ÎmWnIvkv Unssk³ Hmt«mtaj³ F¶nh {][m\ kvs]j-sse-tk-j-\mWv. cmPys¯F³sFSnIfnepw sFsFSnIfnepw Cu kvs]j-sse-tk-j-\p-I-fn FwsSIv sN¿mw.
C³kv{Sp-sa-tâ-j³
am\p-^m-IvN-dnwKv hyh-km-b-¯n Hgn-hm-¡m-\m-Im¯ taJ-e-bmWv C³kv{Sp-sa-tâ-j³, ssa\p-IÄ, saä dnss^-\-dn-IÄ, sSIvssÌÂ, ^pUv F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKv F¶o taJ-e-I-fnepw _tbm saUn-¡Â taJ-e-bnepw tPmen e`n¡pw. kÀ¡mÀ kÀho-kn tPmen km[yX hf-sc-¡p-d-hmWv.
Iw]yq-«À kb³kv B³Uv F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKv / sFSn
s]mXpsh FÃm-hÀ¡pw Adn-bm-hp-¶-Xp-t]mse tkm^väv-sh-bÀ F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKpw lmÀUv-sh-bÀ F³Pn-\n-b-dnwKpw tNÀ¶-XmWv Cu taJe. F¶m IqSp-X t]cpsS tkh\w C ¶m-h-iy-ambn hcp-¶Xv tkm^väv-sh-bÀ taJ-e-bn-emWv. Iw]yq-«À k b³kp-ImÀ H«p-ap-¡m t]cpw tkm ^väv-sh-bÀ sUh-e-]vsaâv cwK-t¯-¡mWv t]mIp-¶Xv.
s\äv-hÀ¡v, tUäm t_kvam-t\-Pvsaâv, h³ I¼-\n-I-fnse I¬kÄ«âv F¶o \ne-I-fn tPmen e`n¡pw.C³^Àtaj³ skIyqcnän, ssk_À skIyqcnän, hbÀsekv s\äv hÀ¡v, Iw]yq«À C³^Àtaj³ kÀhokv F¶o hnj-b-§-fn kvs]j-ssekv sNbvXv FwsSIv ]Tn-¡m³ Ignbpw.
C³^Àta-j³ sSIvt\m-fPn XpS-§nb Ime¯v hnZymÀYn-Isf BIÀjn-¨n-cp-¶-Xp-t]mse C¶v BIÀjn-¡p-¶nà F¶Xv kXy-amWv. ]t£ tPmen km[yX Cu taJ-e-bn Ipd-ªn-«nà F¶p-IqSn {i²n-¡Ww. anSp-¡À¡v s\äv-hÀ¡nwKv, ssk_À skIyq-cnän cwK-§-fn anI¨ tPmen e`n¡pw.
sIan-¡Â/_tbm- sS-Ivt\m-fPn/_tbm-sa-Un-¡Â
hfsc Ipd¨v tImf-Pp-I-fn am{X-ap-ÅXpw {]m[m\yw Ipd-hn-Ãm-¯-Xp